优质护理服务在护理临床带教中的效果分析

目的探究在护理临床带教中使用优质护理服务理念的效果。方法随机抽取我院2017年2月—2018年2月40名护生(对照组,应用传统带教模式)及2018年3月—2020年3月40名护生(观察组,应用优质护理服务理念开展临床带教)作为观察对象,对比两组护生考核成绩、综合实习能力(语言沟通能力、分析解决问题能力及应急能力)评分。结果观察组护生护理理论知识、护理技能考核成绩均高于对照组,P<0.05;观察组护生语言沟通能力、分析解决问题能力及应急能力得分较对照组更高,P<0.05。结论在护理临床带教中使用优质护理服务理念更有助于护生掌握护理知识及技能,提升其综合能力,教学效果更佳。     

护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表的编制及信效度检验

目的编制护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表,并进行信效度检验。方法以计划行为理论为框架,采用文献回顾、半结构式访谈法形成量表的条目池;通过专家咨询、项目分析对量表条目进行筛选,初步形成护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表。采用方便抽样法,于2020年10—12月选取江苏省6所医院(2所三级医院、2所二级医院、2所一级医院)的825名护士进行正式调查,检验问卷的信效度。结果护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表包括3个分量表(参与行为态度、主观行为规范、感知行为控制)、8个维度、17个条目。总量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.927、重测信度系数为0.805。护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿与参与行为的相关系数为0.743(P<0.01)。因子分析提取出8个公因子,累积方差贡献率为72.33%。结论护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表具有较好的信效度,可用于护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿的评估。     

How clerks understand the requests of people living with aphasia in service encounters

ABSTRACT

Aphasia often restricts participation. People living with aphasia (PLWA) engage in fewer activities, which leads to fewer interactions than before aphasia. Analyses of interactions with non-familiar people in activities of daily life could provide knowledge about how to integrate these situations in rehabilitation and facilitate ongoing PLWA participation post-rehabilitation. This qualitative study is the first to examine how PLWA make their requests understood in service encounters despite aphasia. Six people living with moderate or severe aphasia were video-recorded in situations of service encounters, e.g., pharmacies, specialised shops, restaurants, and others. We identified fifty-nine occurrences with one or several difficulties in the formulation of the request. They were examined, including the clerks’ responses and ensuing interaction using multimodal conversation analysis. Results showed that PLWA used nonverbal communication within the physical environment and the context of the interaction to support verbal production. In the majority of situations, the clerks understood the request promptly. In other situations, they both collaborated to achieve a clear understanding of the request. Moreover, the findings attest to the competence of people living with moderate or severe aphasia in engaging in service encounters and add to the knowledge base about interaction and social participation in aphasia.     

Nationwide Trends in Catheter-Directed Therapy Utilization for the Treatment of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in Medicare Beneficiaries

PurposeTo determine overall and provider specialty trends in the use of catheter-directed therapy for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) treatment in the Medicare population.Materials and MethodsUsing data obtained from 2007–2017 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 5% research identifiable files, all claims associated with acute and chronic lower extremity DVT were identified. The annual volume of 2 services—venous percutaneous transluminal thrombectomy (current procedural terminology [CPT] code 37187) and venous infusion for thrombolysis (CPT code 37201 from 2007 to 2012 and CPT code 37212 from 2013 to 2017)—was examined for trends in DVT intervention. Utilization rates based on region and the place of service were calculated. The results were further categorized based on primary operator type (radiology, cardiology, surgery, and other).ResultsThe total number of DVT interventions increased over time, with 4.27 service counts per 100,000 beneficiaries in 2007 increasing to 13.4 by 2017, a growth rate of 12.09%. Radiologists performed the majority of interventions each year, except in 2013, in which they performed 46.6% of interventions, whereas surgeons and cardiologists combined performed the other 53.4%. In 2017, radiologists performed 7.56 services per 100,000 beneficiaries, which was 56.8% of the total count, more than those performed by surgeons, cardiologists, and unspecified providers combined.ConclusionsCatheter-directed therapy is increasingly being used for the treatment of DVT, with its use undergoing a nearly 12-fold increase from 2007 to 2017 in the Medicare population. Radiologists remained the dominant provider of these services throughout the majority of study period, with a relative reduction in market share from 72% in 2007 to 57% in 2017.     

国际康复政策架构与核心内容研究：基于世界卫生组织康复政策文件的内容分析

目的 运用世界卫生组织(WHO)健康服务构成要素的理论,从健康服务体系视域,对WHO有关康复服务的政策架构与行动战略进行系统的内容分析,探讨WHO国际康复政策的理论基础与方法、康复政策架构以及行动战略的核心内容。方法 WHO发布的康复相关政策文件包括《健康服务体系中的康复》《健康服务体系中的康复：行动指南》《康复指标清单：康复监测和评估架构配套的工具》和《康复现状系统评估配套工具(STARS)：康复信息收集模板(TRIC)》,形成国际康复政策体系。本研究运用内容分析方法,根据WHO健康服务构成的六大要素,即领导力和治理能力、筹资、健康人力资源、服务提供、医药技术、健康信息系统,详细分析国际康复政策的理论基础与方法、政策架构以及行动战略的核心内容与康复服务优先发展领域。结果 现代康复服务政策核心依据WHO有关构建以人为本的健康服务、关注健康的社会决定因素的理论,依据《国际功能、残疾与健康分类》的功能、残疾和健康理论,明确发展康复是实现联合国可持续发展目标三,确保健康的生活方式,促进各年龄段人群的福祉,即“全民健康覆盖”的重要路径。系统分析了领导力和治理能力、筹资、健康人力资源、服务提供、医药技术、健康信息系统六大领域,WHO的国际政策架构、行动战略以及发展内容与优先领域。WHO倡导制定国家康复规划,建立与完善康复治理结构并发展康复治理能力,采取多种途径为发展康复服务筹资。将康复融入现代健康服务体系,在健康服务连续体中提供不同层次的康复服务,在健康服务体系中构建康复服务体系,培训专业人员,建立服务信息网络,提升服务质量和服务覆盖率,关注重点领域和优先项目,以满足不同人群的多样化需求,实现全民健康覆盖。将辅助技术作为医药技术领域纳入康复服务体系。在健康信息系统中,收集有关功能和康复需求的信息以及康复服务结果和影响的数据,并开展基于循证的康复政策系统研究。结论 基于健康服务体系六大构成要素,从宏观、中观和微观三个层面,系统研究了国际康复政策架构。现代康复发展的理念是要实现全民健康覆盖。发展康复必须建立以人为中心的现代健康服务体系,并且关注社会决定因素。发展康复是实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标的重要举措。国际康复的政策体系围绕康复领导力和治理、康复筹资、康复人力资源、康复服务提供、康复相关医药技术以及康复与健康信息六大领域,从理论与政策、政策行动、实施工具和路径(评价指标体系和实施效果评估)三个层级,构建了康复发展的政策和行动战略以及具体的实施方法与工具的体系。实施WHO康复政策,需要采取如下行动：加强康复服务领导力、治理、规划和协调能力;构建合理的康复筹资机制,为康复筹措必要资金;健全康复人力资源培养与保障机制;提升康复人员专业能力,提升康复服务提供能力并改善服务质量;提高辅助产品和辅助技术服务的质量与可及性;建立涵盖功能、残疾和康复的健康信息系统并开展康复科学研究。     

Ethical global health in nursing education: An integrative review

AimThe purpose of this integrative review is to provide a comprehensive review of ethical considerations for host communities and nursing programs in planning, implementing and evaluating global health experiences for nursing students.BackgroundGlobal health experiences for nursing students are proliferating rapidly across university settings while at the same time decreasing the average time spent in the host country engaged with local communities. Global health experiences are an area where students can experience ethics as it is applied across varied contexts including resource limited international settings. As nursing education expands its global programming, exploring the ethical implications of designing, implementing and evaluating GHEs becomes pivotal to build respectful, sustainable relationships with global partners and best prepare nursing students for ethical professional practice in an interconnected world.DesignWe conducted an integrative review to examine ethical considerations in development of ethical global health experiences that benefit, rather than harm, host communities and participating nursing student guests.MethodsThe search included articles published in English language, peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2021 that discussed ethics in the context of nursing students traveling internationally for global health experiences. Eighteen articles met criteria for review.ResultsOverall, findings demonstrate relatively little research specific to ethical engagement in global health experiences. The articles in this integrative review discussed a range of ethical attributes including reciprocity or collaboration, respect, sustainability or commitment, justice and openness. Recommendations based on research and non-research articles are provided.ConclusionsEthical comportment in global health experiences requires careful planning, implementation and evaluation to assure an equitable and sustainable partnership between host community, faculty and nursing student guests.